The local curvature maps reveal the slightest details that are hidden by axial maps, thus allowing a careful diagnosis even in presence of peripheral or small localized phenomena.

The height is represented with reference to a sphere that can be positioned by the operator. Height difference maps (for ex-ample post-minus-preoperative) can be obtained after matching at three reference points, so to cancel the relevant "tilt".

The "move axis" function is a virtual 3D rotation-translation of the corneal shape to the new axis through any given point in the map. For example, selecting the pupil centre allows a proper measure of K-readings above the entrance pupil, while selec-ting the apex of a keratoconus will show its shape and size without distortion.

The simulations of visual acuity pictures (Visus), the PSF (Point Spread Function) and the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) which relates to contrast sensitivity, are invaluable tools for the assessment of the corneal refraction. The adoption of corneal aberration evaluation has broken new ground in the links with excimer lasers for custom ablation. The cornea is analysed to measure the corneal wavefront. The Zernike polynomials, which allow analysis of individual aberrations, and the analysed pupil size and position, are user-selectable.

The dual illumination of Placido rings by infrared and visible light, allows measurement of the pupil size and center at different ambient light levels.